Your Pines have Beetles, Now What?

Posted: one year ago Quote #4
I wish the answer to this question was straight forward but it's not. A lot depends on timing, the perceived value of the trees involved and the availability of $$$ to potentially treat the infestation.

First you must access the nature and extent of the attack. Are we dealing with 1 tree or many more? Are there a handful of hits on the tree or hundreds, is the attack in progress or did it take place last summer or fall? The answer to all of these questions are important in determining a successful response to the problem.

Let me be clear from the onset. The only long term winning strategy against Mountain Pine and other bark beetles is not to have them attack your trees in the first place either through preventative spraying or through the application of pheromone repellents.

Field Work:

a)  Accessing the nature and extent of the attack. You will need a pencil, paper, plastic marking tape (do not use the same color you use to mark your trees for preventative spraying, blue is a good choice) and a small campers axe. Walk your property; if you have beetles in one tree you very well may have them in others. Identify any attacked trees with the tape. Look the trunks over closely, high and low look for signs of attack, pitch tubes, frass, browning needle tips, discolored needles or other signs of tree stress. Note the total tree numbers, tree health and extent of the attacks.

b)  The next step is to determine the approximate age of the attacks i.e. fresh attacks, last years etc. Is it fall or spring? If pitch tubes or frass are present note if they are fresh or wet looking and gooey or are they dry and hard? Next look for exit holes above and around the attack holes which help indicate if the tree is currently brooding beetles. If you suspect the tree is brooding beetles take your axe and remove a small section of bark above one or more of what appear to be a successful attack or pitch tubes. Look for beetles underneath the bark note the stage of development of any beetles found, note the presence or absence of blue stain fungus and attempt to identify what type of beetle did the attack i.e. Mountain Pine, Ips Pini or other.

Treatment Considerations:

Post attack treatment of your trees can have multiple outcomes and there is no assurance that:

a) The tree will survive the beetle’s attack and the subsequent attack of the Blue Stain fungus.
b) The treatment will kill the beetles brooding within the tree.
c) The treatment will prevent the beetles from emerging from the infected tree and infecting adjacent unprotected trees.

Post attack treatment can have much higher success rates and better outcomes if:

a) Attacked trees are treated as quickly as possible after the attack has begun.
b) Attacked trees are treated within the same season as the attacks occurred.
c) Trees are treated while brooding beetles are still immature.
d) Trees are still healthy and actively transpiring.

Treatment Options:

a) Removal of any infested trees from site prior to beetle flight.
b) Down and limb any infested trees, pile and chemically or solar treat logs then cover to kill emerging beetles.
c) Attempt to treat trees with Safari/Pentra Bark insecticide in an attempt to kill beetles within the tree and save the tree.

Safari/Pentra Bark Treatment:

The application of Safari Insecticide with the surfactant Pentra Bark has shown great promise in Lodgepole Pines for post attack treatment of Mountain Pine beetle. This application is still considered experimental in other pine species like Ponderosa, Austrian, Bristlecone and others.

Timing is critical! Best results can be predicted when application takes place within several weeks from the occurrence of the attack and while the tree is still healthy and actively transpiring.

Application is done via basal bark treatment and is simple. The diluted Safari/Pentra Bark mixture is applied with a low pressure hand or backpack sprayer to the lower 5’ of the trees trunk to the point of saturation but not runoff. The surfactant Pentra Bark carries the Safari through the bark of the tree to the xylem where it is carried throughout the tree to kill the beetles. This application is dependent on the tree being healthy enough to transpire the insecticide. If the tree shows signs of stress prior to application then the application may be doomed. In addition to the basal application of Safari/Pentra Bark you may want to consider a root drench application of ODC Colloidal Chitosan and watering to promote additional sap production and better transpiration of the insecticide through the tree.

As mentioned above there are many factors that will affect the success of this application and it carries no guarantee. If however you have high value trees that have been attacked this may be your only option to attempt to save the trees. If you have additional questions or concerns regarding this treatment please feel free to contact us or post your questions and concerns in our forum.
Posted: one year ago Quote #5
So your property has Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB), now what?

The way to think of the problem is from the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) point of view.

IPM by definition means taking the least toxic approach  and working towards more toxic until the desired results are achieved.

Rule number one is and always will be, the removal and proper disposal all "green" attack Pines on your property. Don't allow MPB to become established.

Green attack are any Pine tree that has live MPB eggs, larvae, pupae or adults  under the bark of the tree. Red and dead  are OK to leave providing they aren't a danger and the brood have left the tree.  

Proper disposal includes burning or chipping. Every community should by now have a "safe" disposal site.

If nothing else is possible debark the infested Pines and leave the bark exposed to the elements. Firewood is generally not a good idea unless you can remove the bark. Do not cut down your trees during a beetle flight.

After all brood trees are removed, then comes prevention.

Good cultural practices encourage healthy trees, sometimes they can defend against moderate MPB attack. Seek help.

Verbenone is a non-toxic anti-aggregating pheromone registered by the EPA. . Its naturally occurring in infested trees when the brood start to become crowded. It sends the message that your trees are full of MPB and they need look elsewhere for a more suitable host tree. MPB emerge from under the back of a tree for only a few hours to a day or two. The longer  MPB "mill around" seeking a new host the higher the flight mortality. Often they will  disperse out of the area.

Verbenone is applied in most areas in the first week of July. Application rates should be 30- 35 pouches per acre.

High Value or "signature" trees may and sometimes should be sprayed with toxic sprays like Carbaryl, Premethrin or Bifenthrin.  Application is  best done by professionals who know this business. There is more to it then just owning a spray rig! I don't believe it is in our best interest to spray large acreages.

Under heavy beetle pressure your IPM planning will be over several years. One of many reasons for the epidemic is  our forests are too dense and overcrowded . Its OK to lose a few Pines. Its not OK to lose them all.

Think about what your going to re-plant if you have been hard hit.  Diversity is important.

The single most important thing we can do as a society right now is plant trees!

All the best for 2011

Arctos